"Knowing Everything"

This evening, I with my friends seen the movie which has title "knowing". This movie is stared by John Koesthler as Nicolas Cage. He is a professor from MIT who stumbles on terrifying predictions about the futureand sets out to prevent them from coming true. In 1959, as part of the dedication ceremony for a new elementary school, a group of students is asked to draw pictures to be stored in a time capsule. But one mysterious girl fills her sheet of paper with rows of apparently random numbers instead. Fifty years later, a new generation of students examines the capsules contents and the girls cryptic message ends up in the hands of young Caleb Koestler. But it is Calebs father, professor John Koestler (Nicolas Cage), who makes the startling discovery that the encoded message predicts with pinpoint accuracy the dates, death tolls and coordinates of every major disaster of the past 50 years. As Ted further unravels the documents chilling secrets, he realizes the document foretells three additional eventsthe last of which hints at destruction on a global scale and seems to somehow involve Ted and his son. When Teds attempts to alert the authorities fall on deaf ears, he takes it upon himself to try to prevent more destruction from taking place. With the reluctant help of Diana Wayland and Abby, the daughter and granddaughter of the now-deceased author of the prophecies, Teds increasingly desperate efforts take him on a heart-pounding race against time until he finds himself facing the ultimate disasterand the ultimate sacrifice.

That I like about this film is about graphic art, mainly about plan accident. It is like something real, how its wing broke out and strike accors cars hardly. The plot is so fine, make the audience will wait the next action. It has succesed to hypnotyhs the mind, and we are flowed by the settings. It's really good. But, I don't like the ending who bring Nicola's son and Diana's daughter, how they are choosen people, it made not real again. The "helper" from the weird world has galaxy ship and help them(Nicola's son and Diana's daughter) out of world before the ending day happening. This awkard.

This movie made me thing too that "knowing" everything is not always make advantage. Seldom, we shouln't know, especially about bad thing which will happen. Knowing bad thing make us want to do something so that it will not happen, or not hurt our beloving people. But, considering this film, everything which has been written(fates) can't be changed. Diana knows that she will die at pridicted day, but she sure that believing that not make her better, instead of fear. but contrastly, if we like or fun "Naruto", we'll say that everything has been fated can be changed by hard work. We must believe ourself.

How DSSC is Work?

Dye-Sensitized Solar Sel (DSSC) sebenarnya dibuat berdasarkan kebutuhan akan jenis solar cell yang murah. DSSC sejak pertama kali ditemukan oleh professor Michael Gratzel pada tahun 1991, telah menjadi salah satu topic penelitian yang dilakukan intensif oleh peneliti di seluruh dunia. DSSC bahkan disebut juga terobosan pertama dalam teknologi solar sel-sejak silikon solar sel.
Berbeda dengan solar sel konvensional, DSSC adalah photoelectrochemical solar sel sehingga menggunakan elektrolit sebagai medium transport muatan. Selain elektrolit, DSSC terbagi menjadi beberapa lapisan yang terdiri dari nanokristal porous TiO2, molekul dye yang teradsorpsi di permukaan TiO2, katalis yang semuanya di deposisi diantara dua glass, seperti terlihat pada gambar bawah ini.

Pada bagian atas dan alas solar sel merupakan glass yang sudah dilapisi dengan TCO (Transparent Conducting Oxide), biasanya SnO2, yang berfungsi sebagai elektroda dan counter-elektroda. Pada TCO counter-elektroda dilapisi katalis untuk mempercepat reaksi redoks dengan elektrolit. Pasangan redoks yang umumnya dipakai yaitu I- /I3- (iodide/triiodide).
Pada permukaan elektroda dilapisi oleh mesoporous TiO2, yang mana dye teradsorpsi lebih banyak menghasilkan proses absorbs cahaya matahari yang lebih efisien. Dye yang biasa digunakan adalah jenis Ruthenium complex. Namun karena harganya yang mahal, kita dapat menggantinya dengan anthocyanin dye. Bahan ini bisa didapatkan dari ekstrak tumbuhan seperti buah delima, blueberry, dsb. Alasan kenapa digunakan dye jenis ini, karena sensitivitas dari dye ini memiliki koefisien absorbsi yang paling tinggi di panjang gelombang kuning. Sedangkan intensitas matahari itu sendiri tertinggi pada sekitar panjang gelombang kuning tersebut.

Prinsip Kerja Dye-Sensitized Solar Sel
Skema kerja dari DSSC ditunjukan pada gambar bawah. Pada dasarnya prinsip kerja dari DSSC merupakan reaksi dari transfer elektron. Proses pertama dimulai dengan terjadinya eksitasi elektron pada molekul dye akibat absorbsi photon. Elektron tereksitasi dari groundstate (D) ke excited state (D*)

D + e- →D*

Elektron dari excited state kemudian langsung terinjeksi menuju conduction band (ECB) TiO2 sehingga dye molekul teroksidasi (D+). Dengan adanya donor electron oleh elektrolit (I-) maka molekul dye kembali ke keadaan awalnya (ground state) dan mencegah penangkapan kembali electron oleh dye yang teroksidasi

2D+ + 3e- → 3I- +2D

Setelah mencapai elektroda TCO, electron mengalir menuju counter elektroda melalui rangkaian eksternal. Dengan adanya katalis pada counter elektroda, electron diterima oleh elektrolit sehingga hole yang terbentuk pada elektrolit (I3-) akibat donor electron pada proses sebelumnya, berkombinasi membentuk iodide (I-)

I3- + 2e- → 3I-

Iodide ini digunakan untuk mereduksi dye yang teroksidasi membentuk triiodide (I3-), sehingga membentuk suatu siklus transport elektron. Dengan siklus ini terjadi konversi langsung dari cahaya matahari menjadi listrik.
Nanoporous Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) adalah material semikonduktor yang paling sering digunakan untuk DSSC. Hal ini dikarenakan TiO2 mempunyai karakteristik optic dan elektrik yang baik, disamping itu material ini tidak berbahaya, inert, dan merupakan senyawa yang tidak mahal. Sebagai semikonduktor, material ini mempunyai bandgap sekitar 3,2 eV dan mempunyai tiga fasa kristal yang mungkin yaitu arastase, rutile dan brookite. TiO2 dalam bentuk rutile adalah yang paling mudah diproduksi karena secara termodinamika paling stabil. Namun untuk aplikasinya dalam DSSC, fasa TiO2 yang diinginkan adalah anatase karena lebih proaktif. Sedangkan fasa brookite jarang sekali dibahas karena hanya terbentuk pada temperature rendah.
Performansi dari DSSC sangat bergantung kepada karakteristik lapisan semikonduktor TiO2 sebagai inti dari DSSC. Distribusi pori, ukuran pori, dan struktur pori TiO2 merupakan karakteristik yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam pembuatan DSSC berefisiensi tinggi. Lapisan TiO2 yang memiliki distribusi pori yang tinggi dengan rasio luas permukaan per volume yang besar dignakan untuk meningkatkan jumlah dye yang teradsorpsi, sehingga meningkatkan absorbs pada daerah cahaya tampak. Oleh karena itu, penelitian mengenai TiO2 nanoporous dan pengontrolan porositasnya terus dilakukan secara intensif untuk menghasilkan DSSC yang mempunyai performansi tinggi. Salah satu alternative yaitu dengan metode sol-gel dengan dibantu surfaktan untuk membentuk template poros material.

DSSC for The Next Solution of Energy Problems

Energy is ones of polemics this decade at this world. The fossil fuel has been lack and made the new problem especially for environments. Polution, global climate changes issues have been indicated for the violence using of this source of energy. According survey of Prof. Richard Smalley from Rice University that the biggest problem for human for the next fifthy years is about energy. For 2002 data's survey, Fossil energy will not be held for long. Oil energy only be held for next 40 years, Natural gas only be for next 60 years, 'batu bara' for next 200 years. With this condition, happening movement to find other source of energy that can give the good efficiences, reliabilities, green environment, and cheap. The only solution is focus on renewable energy such solar energy, waves, geothremal, etc.
The research has been published to propose that solution. Ones of it was DSSC, Dye Senzitized Solar Cell, which firsly published by Prof. Gratzel from EPFL Swiss at 1991. Then, It was called as the new inovation that no use silicon to make it. This solar cell has material that combine organics and non organics matter. It is so easy and cheap to make. Contrastly, solar cell which basic on silicon has many difficult to pure and dope, expensive, and need high technolgy to product it. About 50 % cost need to make wafer silicon, and need 'cleaning room' to avoid other material disturb for process doping.
The DSSC adopted from fotosynthesis at green plant, Solar energy is used to react with clhorophyl that product electrons and will bond H2 and CO2 together make carbohydrat and O2. This process is called as fotosystem. Similarly with fotosynthesis, DSSC consept has build. The matter like chlorophil, dye, is used to product electron, react with nonorganics matter( semiconductor logam such TiO2, SnO2, ZnO2) make redox that product electron that used to generate eletrical energy.
The research of this solar cell rarely is done at university. This is still at laboratory scale and still not product yet at industry scale. My research has researched possibilty to adapt this method using matter (anthocyanin dye) which be have at Indonesia plant combine nanotechnology to improve efficiency convertion solar energy to electrical energy. This research has been presented at Alternative Energy Competition 2008 at Institute Technology of Sepuluh September, Surabaya and Tanoto Foundation Awards 2008. The goal is still how to make prototype and effort tu product electric that can enlight LED.
How is DSSC made will discuss next. Thanks.

Starting Now!!!

Finally,,,,, The time has came that I start to write this contains of blog myself. Hahahaha. Actually, so hard to start. It must prepared more time to do it. It was so long that i only wrote "this blog is still underconstruction" at my first line. What terrible think.
I decide to use english as the language because, with it I can learn and try the ablility of writing mines. So, may this will contains many mistake that i still need to correct it. But, I'am happy to start it now. I want to share my experiences, knowledge, etc so that we can share about happiness and painess. The next of coursely will more than attractive than it now, so wait for my fingerlines.